Vulnerability Scanning Process

Step 1: Defining the Scope of the scanning process

Clearly defining the scope of the vulnerability scanning process involves recognizing the systems, networks, and applications that will be included in the scan’s scope. Establish the goal of the scanning process and take organizational priorities and risk management into account.

Step 2: Identification and Mapping of the Assets

The assets have to be located and mapped inside the boundaries that were created in the previous phase. This mapping includes servers, networks, databases, web-based applications, network devices, etc. This phase is crucial since improper mapping and identification of the assets could leave certain vulnerable assets undiscovered and unfixed.

Step 3: Stratification of the Assets

It’s time to profile the assets to gain a thorough understanding of their configuration, services, and operating system after they have been identified and mapped. To perform a specific type of vulnerability scanning on all of the assets, this profiling assists in classifying and grouping related asset types.

Step 4: Select the Vulnerability Scanning Tool

It’s time to select the vulnerability scanning tool after profiling. The requirements of the organization, the configuration of the asset, and the desired level of detail are all important considerations when choosing the right scanning tool.

Step 5: Configure the Scanning Tool properly

It’s time to feed the scanner with asset information and configure it according to its specifications after choosing the scanner based on the requirements. Setting the scanning parameter and defining the scanning targets are included in the configuration. If the scanning is going to be more thorough, there may be some authentication configuration that is needed.

Step 6: Initiation of the Scan and Vulnerability Detection

It’s time to start scanning the assets for vulnerabilities after everything has been set up. The scanner establishes whether the system has any vulnerabilities at all by contrasting its properties with a database of known flaws. The database is updated regularly so that it can recognize and detect new vulnerabilities.

Step 7: Risk Assessment and Report Generation

Vulnerabilities are identified and then given a risk level to indicate how serious they are. This risk level aids the team in setting priorities for the remediation process according to the possible consequences and likelihood that those vulnerabilities will be exploited. There are four severity levels: low, medium, high, and critical.

What is Vulnerability Scanning in Security Testing?

Detecting and dealing with system vulnerabilities is the most important thing for any organization or systems administrator. Unauthorized hackers may exploit these flaws to obtain access to the system and abuse it in their ways. Detecting and mitigating vulnerabilities in different systems, applications, or network devices is done step-by-step through vulnerability scanning, one of the security scan domains. In this article we will take a closer look at Vulnerability Scanning explaining its importance (why it’s necessary), giving a brief overview of how it works, discussing its types and more common examples of vulnerability scanning results.

Table of Content

  • Importance of Running a Vulnerability Scan
  • Types of Vulnerability Scanning
  • Vulnerability Scanning Process
  • Working Procedure of Vulnerability Scanning
  • Common Vulnerabilities Found in Vulnerability Scanning
  • Vulnerability Scanning Best Practices
  • Conclusion

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Importance of Running a Vulnerability Scan

Doing vulnerability scanning is a pivotal step in the domain of security testing. Below are some of the most important points highlighting the need to run a vulnerability scan....

Types of Vulnerability Scanning

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Vulnerability Scanning Tools

1. Nessus...

Vulnerability Scanning Process

Step 1: Defining the Scope of the scanning process...

Working Procedure of Vulnerability Scanning

The process of Vulnerability Scanning involves multiple systematic steps. All of them are explained below in brief:...

Common Vulnerabilities Found in Vulnerability Scanning

Outdated Software and Patch Levels: Failure to update software leaves vulnerabilities unaddressed, risking exploitation by attackers. Default Credentials: Using default usernames and passwords increases the risk of unauthorized access to systems and applications. Missing Security Updates: Neglecting to apply security updates exposes systems to known vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. SQL Injection (SQLi): Exploiting vulnerabilities in database queries to manipulate or retrieve unauthorized information from a database. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Injecting malicious scripts into web pages, which are then executed by unsuspecting users’ browsers. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Forcing users to perform unwanted actions without their consent by exploiting their authenticated sessions on a different site. File and Directory Permissions: Inadequate or misconfigured file and directory permissions may allow unauthorized access to sensitive data or system files. Open Ports and Services: Unnecessary open ports and services increase the attack surface and expose systems to potential exploits if not properly secured....

Vulnerability Scanning vs Penetration Testing

Parameters Vulnerability Scanning Penetration Testing Automation It requires minimal human intervention. It is highly manual and involves skilled security professionals. Time and Cost It is faster and more economical. As more manual labor is required, it takes longer and costs more money. Scope It is broad, covering a large variety of network assets. It is targeted to particular systems, apps, or parts, narrow and concentrated. Depth of Analysis Analyzed broadly but superficially, pointing out several different weaknesses without taking any action. Thorough examination with an emphasis on leveraging weaknesses to gauge their effects. Frequency Conducted Regularly Performed Periodically...

Vulnerability Scanning Best Practices

Define Clear Scope: Define concise goals and objectives of the scanning process. It helps in understanding the outcome of the scanning, the purpose of the scanning, and the scope of the scanning, by taking into consideration risk management and organizational priorities. Regular Update of the Vulnerability Database: It is recommended to update the in-built vulnerability database of the scanning tool so that it can detect newer types of vulnerabilities and doesn’t become useless due to no update. Asset Inventory: Maintain a proper asset inventory, this should include all the system, network devices, and applications that need to be scanned regularly. This helps in carrying out the scanning process faster as the assets are already identified and placed together ready to be scanned. Regular Scanning: Perform regular scanning to prevent the assets from being compromised to new vulnerabilities. Regular Scanning also helps to identify emerging vulnerabilities, track the result of the remediation effort, and ensure ongoing security. Prioritize Remediation: Remedy of the vulnerabilities found in the previous scans need to be prioritized based on their severity. Focusing on high-severity issues is a must to reduce the chance of the exploitation of the vulnerabilities and to mitigate the most significant security threats. Review Scan Results Thoroughly: The scan results need to be reviewed thoroughly to understand the condition of the assets. Understand the severity of the threats present in the asset, examine the potential impact, and verify the accuracy of the result....

Conclusion

In conclusion. vulnerability scanning plays a crucial role in the field of security testing. This process involves systematic steps, including clear scopes, maintaining an up-to-date asset inventory, regularly scanning the assets for vulnerability, and most importantly updating the vulnerability database regularly to detect newer types of vulnerabilities. Best practices of vulnerability scanning involve defining the clear scope, regularly updating the vulnerability database, maintaining the asset inventory, conducting scanning regularly or at a certain interval in a periodic manner, prioritization the remedy of the vulnerabilities found, and reviewing the scan results thoroughly. Continuous improvement and adaptation to newer threats ensure the organization or system’s security....

FAQs related to Vulnerability Scanning in Security Testing

Q.1 Can all kinds of security concerns be found by vulnerability scans?...