What are Mangroves?
Mangroves are a kind of littoral plant growth seen along sheltered tropical and subtropical coastlines. Mangroves are shrubs and trees that grow beneath the high-water levels of spring tides and have an amazing ability to withstand saline water. Plant groups known as mangroves can tolerate heat and salt and are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical intertidal zones.
High temperatures (between 26 and 35 degrees Celsius) and heavy rainfall (1,000 to 3,000 mm) are characteristics of these areas. Mangrove species, especially those found in the mangrove forests of India, have a range of morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations that enable them to survive tidal surges, storms, and excessive salinity. Mangrove forests are found only in tropical and subtropical latitudes close to the equator. Mangrove forest trees produce a variety of roots, including:
- Prop Roots: Provide support for roots that are immersed in water.
- Air Roots: Air roots are arranged vertically that protrude from the mud.
- Adventitious Roots: They are also called stilt roots, and emerge from the tree’s main stem.
List of Mangrove Sites in India, Map with Important Facts For Exam
Mangrove sites are found across the world. However, the greatest diversity of species is found in Southeast Asia. In India, 42.45% of the mangrove area was covered in West Bengal, followed by Gujarat (23.66%), Andaman and Nicobar (12.39%). Gujarat had the most increase in mangrove forest cover in the country, covering 37 square miles. The states and UTs with the lowest mangroves are Kerala (9 km2) and Puducherry (2 km2), respectively. The National Mangrove Genetic Resource Center was established by the Environment Ministry for research and development purposes in Bhitarkanika, Odisha.
Table of Content
- What are Mangroves?
- Mangrove Sites in India
- Mangrove Forest Distribution in India (State-wise)
- Total Mangrove Sites in India
- Mangrove Sites in India Map
- List of Mangrove Sites in India in Table Format
- Characteristics of Mangrove Forests in India
- Types of Mangroves in India
- Threats to Mangrove Sites in India
- Conservation of Mangrove Sites in India
- Questions And Answers on Mangrove Sites in India