What is Nitrogen Fixation?
Earth’s atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and trace quantities of other gasses. Nitrogen fixation is a biological process that converts atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) or related compounds that can be used by plants and other organisms. This process is mainly carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium in legume root nodules or free-living soil bacteria like Azotobacter. In symbiotic relationships, plants supply carbohydrates to the bacteria, which, in turn, provide ammonia to the plant. Abiotic nitrogen fixation occurs through lightning and the Haber-Bosch process in industrial settings. The ammonia produced increases soil fertility, supporting plant growth. Nitrogen fixation plays an important role in maintaining the nitrogen balance in ecosystems and is important for agriculture, providing the basis for nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen Metabolism
Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) or related compounds. This process is primarily carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, either in symbiotic relationships with plants or free-living in the soil. Abiotic processes, like lightning and industrial methods, can also fix nitrogen. All biological reactions involving the process of nitrogen fixation are catalyzed by enzymes called nitrogenases. Nitrogen fixation is important for enriching soil fertility and providing the nitrogen needed for plant growth, making it a key component of the nitrogen cycle and an essential element for life on Earth.
Table of Content
- What is Nitrogen Fixation?
- Nitrogen Fixation Diagram
- Different Ways of Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen Metabolism
- FAQ’s – Nitrogen Fixation