What is the Process of Gemmule Formation?
The aggregation of amoeboid cell within the sponge causes gemmule production. As these cells proliferate, a hard, protective coating made of collagen and spicules surrounds them. The cells within the protective layer undergo specialised differentiation, giving rise to cell types such as archaeocytes, which are totipotent.
Gemmules can germinate, and the cells within can differentiate and grow into new sponge creatures when the conditions are right again. This allows the sponge to reproduce asexually and colonise new places. A motile cell called an amoebocyte circulates the core of the archaeocytes and begins to secrete a thick layer of solid chitin surrounding them.
Scleraoblasts located between the internal and external membranes secrete amphidisc spicules. A mature gemmule is a round, solid structure containing reproductive cells rich in nutrients. It is surrounded by a dense double membrane encased with amphidisc spicules.
Under optimal growth conditions, cells emerge through a tiny aperture known as the Micropyle. Freshwater sponges die in the autumn, leaving behind a large number of gemmules. Amid both the summer and the winter, these gemmules continue to function. When there’s a lot of water, the gemmules begin to grow into new sponges.
Gemmule – Formation, Structure and Role in Sponge Reproduction
Gemmules are the asexual reproductive structures found in some freshwater and marine sponge species. The gemmules in sponges are produced in adverse weather circumstances, including drought or low temperatures. The gemmules play a role in giving sponges the ability to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. In this article, we will study the gemmules in sponges, their structure, characteristics, and their advantages.
Table of Content
- What are Gemmules?
- Structure of Gemmules
- Gemmule Diagram
- Parts of Gemmule
- Gemmules Classification
- What are the Characteristics of Gemmules?
- What is the Process of Gemmule Formation?
- Gemmule Formation Examples
- Role of Gemmule in Sponge Reproduction
- Advantages of Gemmule Formation