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This chapter describes the different types for the HTML <input> element
Here are the different input types you can use in HTML:
<input type="button">
<input type="checkbox">
<input type="color">
<input type="date">
<input type="datetime-local">
<input type="email">
<input type="file">
<input type="hidden">
<input type="image">
<input type="month">
<input type="number">
<input type="password">
<input type="radio">
<input type="range">
<input type="reset">
<input type="search">
<input type="submit">
<input type="tel">
<input type="text">
<input type="time">
<input type="url">
<input type="week">
Tip: The default value of the type
attribute
is
"text".
<input type="text">
defines a
single-line text input field:
<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input
type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br>
<label for="lname">Last
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname">
</form>
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
<input type="password">
defines a password field:
<form>
<label for="username">Username:</label><br>
<input type="text"
id="username" name="username"><br>
<label for="pwd">Password:</label><br>
<input type="password" id="pwd" name="pwd">
</form>
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).
<input type="submit">
defines a button for
submitting form data to a form-handler.
The form-handler is typically a server page with a script for processing input data.
The form-handler is specified in the form's action
attribute:
<form action="/action_page">
<label for="fname">First
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"
value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
First name:
Last name:
If you omit the submit button's value attribute, the button will get a default text:
<form action="/action_page">
<label for="fname">First
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"
value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
<input type="reset">
defines a reset button
that will reset all form values to their default values:
<form action="/action_page">
<label for="fname">First
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"
value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
<input type="reset">
</form>
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
First name:
Last name:
If you change the input values and then click the "Reset" button, the form-data will be reset to the default values.
<input type="radio">
defines a radio button.
Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:
<p>Choose your favorite Web language:</p>
<form>
<input type="radio" id="html" name="fav_language"
value="HTML">
<label for="html">HTML</label><br>
<input
type="radio" id="css" name="fav_language" value="CSS">
<label
for="css">CSS</label><br>
<input type="radio" id="javascript"
name="fav_language" value="JavaScript">
<label for="javascript">JavaScript</label>
</form>
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
<input type="checkbox">
defines a checkbox.
Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.
<form>
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle1" name="vehicle1" value="Bike">
<label for="vehicle1"> I have a bike</label><br>
<input
type="checkbox" id="vehicle2" name="vehicle2" value="Car">
<label for="vehicle2">
I have a car</label><br>
<input type="checkbox"
id="vehicle3" name="vehicle3"
value="Boat">
<label for="vehicle3"> I have a boat</label>
</form>
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
I have a bike
I have a car
I have a boat
<input type="button">
defines a button:
<input type="button" onclick="alert('Hello World!')" value="Click Me!">
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
The <input type="color">
is used for input fields that should contain a color.
Depending on browser support, a color picker can show up in the input field.
<form>
<label for="favcolor">Select your favorite
color:</label>
<input type="color" id="favcolor" name="favcolor">
</form>
The <input type="date">
is used for input fields that should contain a date.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
<form>
<label for="birthday">Birthday:</label>
<input
type="date" id="birthday" name="birthday">
</form>
You can also use the min
and max
attributes to add restrictions to dates:
<form>
<label for="datemax">Enter a date before
1980-01-01:</label>
<input type="date" id="datemax" name="datemax"
max="1979-12-31"><br><br>
<label for="datemin">Enter a date after
2000-01-01:</label>
<input type="date" id="datemin" name="datemin"
min="2000-01-02">
</form>
The <input type="datetime-local">
specifies
a date and time input field, with no time zone.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
<form>
<label for="birthdaytime">Birthday (date and
time):</label>
<input type="datetime-local" id="birthdaytime" name="birthdaytime">
</form>
The <input type="email">
is used for input fields that should contain an e-mail address.
Depending on browser support, the e-mail address can be automatically validated when submitted.
Some smartphones recognize the email type, and add ".com" to the keyboard to match email input.
<form>
<label for="email">Enter your email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email">
</form>
The <input type="image">
defines an image as a submit button.
The path to the image is specified in the src
attribute.
<form>
<input type="image" src="img_submit.gif" alt="Submit"
width="48" height="48">
</form>
The <input type="file">
defines a file-select field and a "Browse" button for file uploads.
<form>
<label for="myfile">Select a file:</label>
<input type="file" id="myfile" name="myfile">
</form>
The <input type="hidden">
defines a hidden input field (not visible to a user).
A hidden field lets web developers include data that cannot be seen or modified by users when a form is submitted.
A hidden field often stores what database record that needs to be updated when the form is submitted.
<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br>
<input
type="hidden" id="custId" name="custId" value="3487">
<input
type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
The <input type="month">
allows the user to select a month and year.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
<form>
<label for="bdaymonth">Birthday (month and
year):</label>
<input type="month" id="bdaymonth" name="bdaymonth">
</form>
The <input type="number">
defines a
numeric input field.
You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted.
The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 1 to 5:
<form>
<label for="quantity">Quantity (between 1 and
5):</label>
<input type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity"
min="1" max="5">
</form>
Here is a list of some common input restrictions:
Attribute | Description |
---|---|
checked | Specifies that an input field should be pre-selected when the page loads (for type="checkbox" or type="radio") |
disabled | Specifies that an input field should be disabled |
max | Specifies the maximum value for an input field |
maxlength | Specifies the maximum number of character for an input field |
min | Specifies the minimum value for an input field |
pattern | Specifies a regular expression to check the input value against |
readonly | Specifies that an input field is read only (cannot be changed) |
required | Specifies that an input field is required (must be filled out) |
size | Specifies the width (in characters) of an input field |
step | Specifies the legal number intervals for an input field |
value | Specifies the default value for an input field |
You will learn more about input restrictions in the next chapter.
The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 0 to 100, in steps of 10. The default value is 30:
<form>
<label for="quantity">Quantity:</label>
<input
type="number" id="quantity" name="quantity" min="0" max="100" step="10"
value="30">
</form>
The <input type="range">
defines a control for entering a number whose exact value is not important (like a slider control). Default
range is 0 to 100. However, you can set restrictions on what
numbers are accepted with the min
, max
, and step
attributes:
<form>
<label for="vol">Volume (between 0 and 50):</label>
<input type="range" id="vol" name="vol" min="0" max="50">
</form>
The <input type="search">
is used for search fields (a search field behaves like a regular text field).
<form>
<label for="gsearch">Search Google:</label>
<input type="search" id="gsearch" name="gsearch">
</form>
The <input type="tel">
is used for input fields that should contain a telephone number.
<form>
<label for="phone">Enter your phone number:</label>
<input type="tel" id="phone" name="phone"
pattern="[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{3}">
</form>
The <input type="time">
allows the user to select a time (no time zone).
Depending on browser support, a time picker can show up in the input field.
<form>
<label for="appt">Select a time:</label>
<input type="time" id="appt" name="appt">
</form>
The <input type="url">
is used for input fields that should contain a URL address.
Depending on browser support, the url field can be automatically validated when submitted.
Some smartphones recognize the url type, and adds ".com" to the keyboard to match url input.
<form>
<label for="homepage">Add your homepage:</label>
<input type="url" id="homepage" name="homepage">
</form>
The <input type="week">
allows the user to select a week and year.
Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.
<form>
<label for="week">Select a week:</label>
<input type="week" id="week" name="week">
</form>
In the form below, add an input field for text, with the name "username" .
Tag | Description |
---|---|
<input type=""> | Specifies the input type to display |