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C # tutorial
The plot() function is used to draw points (markers) in a diagram
The plot()
function is used to draw points (markers) in a diagram.
The function takes parameters for specifying points in the diagram.
Parameter 1 specifies points on the x-axis.
Parameter 2 specifies points on the y-axis.
At its simplest, you can use the plot()
function to plot two numbers against each other:
Draw one point in the diagram, at position (1) and position (3):
plot(1, 3)
Result:
To draw more points, use vectors:
Draw two points in the diagram, one at position (1, 3) and one in position (8, 10):
plot(c(1, 8), c(3, 10))
Result:
You can plot as many points as you like, just make sure you have the same number of points in both axis:
plot(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), c(3, 7, 8, 9, 12))
Result:
For better organization, when you have many values, it is better to use variables:
x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
y <- c(3, 7, 8, 9, 12)
plot(x, y)
Result:
If you want to draw dots in a sequence, on both the x-axis and the y-axis, use the :
operator:
plot(1:10)
Result:
The plot()
function also takes a type
parameter with the value l
to draw a line to connect all the points in
the diagram:
plot(1:10, type="l")
Result:
The plot()
function also accept other parameters,
such as main
, xlab
and ylab
if you want to customize the graph with a main title and different labels for
the x and y-axis:
plot(1:10, main="My Graph", xlab="The x-axis", ylab="The y axis")
Result:
There are many other parameters you can use to change the appearance of the points.
Colors
Use col="color"
to add a color to the
points:
plot(1:10, col="red")
Result:
Size
Use cex=number
to change the size
of the points (1
is default, while 0.5
means 50% smaller, and
2
means 100% larger):
plot(1:10, cex=2)
Result:
Point Shape
Use pch
with a value from 0 to 25 to change the point shape format:
plot(1:10, pch=25, cex=2)
Result:
The values of the pch
parameter ranges from 0 to 25, which means that we can choose up to 26 different types of
point shapes: