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R Numbers

There are three number types in R

Numbers

There are three number types in R:

  • numeric
  • integer
  • complex

    • Variables of number types are created when you assign a value to them:

    Example

    x <- 10.5   # numeric
    y <- 10L    # integer
    z <- 1i     # complex

    Numeric

    A numeric data type is the most common type in R, and contains any number with or without a decimal, like: 10.5, 55, 787:

    Example

    x <- 10.5
    y <- 55

    # Print values of x and y
    x
    y

    # Print the class name of x and y
    class(x)
    class(y)

    Integer

    Integers are numeric data without decimals. This is used when you are certain that you will never create a variable that should contain decimals. To create an integer variable, you must use the letter L after the integer value:

    Example

    x <- 1000L
    y <- 55L

    # Print values of x and y
    x
    y

    # Print the class name of x and y
    class(x)
    class(y)

    Complex

    A complex number is written with an "i" as the imaginary part:

    Example

    x <- 3+5i
    y <- 5i

    # Print values of x and y
    x
    y

    # Print the class name of x and y
    class(x)
    class(y)

    Type Conversion

    You can convert from one type to another with the following functions:

  • as.numeric()
  • as.integer()
  • as.complex()

    • Example

    x <- 1L # integer
    y <- 2 # numeric

    # convert from integer to numeric:
    a <- as.numeric(x)

    # convert from numeric to integer:
    b <- as.integer(y)

    # print values of x and y
    x
    y

    # print the class name of a and b
    class(a)
    class(b)

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