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R Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values

Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Example

10 + 5

R divides the operators in the following groups:

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Comparison operators
  • Logical operators
  • Miscellaneous operators

    • R Arithmetic Operators

    Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

    Operator Name Example Try it
    + Addition x + y Try it »
    - Subtraction x - y Try it »
    * Multiplication x * y Try it »
    / Division x / y Try it »
    ^ Exponent x ^ y Try it »
    %% Modulus (Remainder from division) x %% y Try it »
    %/% Integer Division x%/%y Try it »

    R Assignment Operators

    Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

    Example

    my_var <- 3

    my_var <<- 3

    3 -> my_var

    3 ->> my_var

    my_var # print my_var

    Note: <<- is a global assigner. You will learn more about this in the Global Variable chapter.

    It is also possible to turn the direction of the assignment operator.

    x <- 3 is equal to 3 -> x

    R Comparison Operators

    Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

    Operator Name Example Try it
    == Equal x == y Try it »
    != Not equal x != y Try it »
    > Greater than x > y Try it »
    < Less than x < y Try it »
    >= Greater than or equal to x >= y Try it »
    <= Less than or equal to x <= y Try it »

    R Logical Operators

    Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

    Operator Description
    & Element-wise Logical AND operator. It returns TRUE if both elements are TRUE
    && Logical AND operator - Returns TRUE if both statements are TRUE
    | Elementwise- Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE
    || Logical OR operator. It returns TRUE if one of the statement is TRUE.
    ! Logical NOT - returns FALSE if statement is TRUE

    R Miscellaneous Operators

    Miscellaneous operators are used to manipulate data:

    Operator Description Example
    : Creates a series of numbers in a sequence x <- 1:10
    %in% Find out if an element belongs to a vector x %in% y
    %*% Matrix Multiplication x <- Matrix1 %*% Matrix2

    Note: You will learn more about Matrix multiplication and matrices in a later chapter.

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