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The XML Schema language is also referred to as XML Schema Definition (XSD).XML Schema is an XML-based (and more powerful) alternative to DTD
An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
The purpose of an XML Schema is to define the legal building blocks of an XML document:
In the XML world, hundreds of standardized XML formats are in daily use.
Many of these XML standards are defined by XML Schemas.
One of the greatest strength of XML Schemas is the support for data types.
Another great strength about XML Schemas is that they are written in XML.
XML Schemas are extensible, because they are written in XML.
With an extensible Schema definition you can:
When sending data from a sender to a receiver, it is essential that both parts have the same "expectations" about the content.
With XML Schemas, the sender can describe the data in a way that the receiver will understand.
A date like: "03-11-2004" will, in some countries, be interpreted as 3.November and in other countries as 11.March.
However, an XML element with a data type like this:
<date type="date">2004-03-11</date>
ensures a mutual understanding of the content, because the XML data type "date" requires the format "YYYY-MM-DD".
A well-formed XML document is a document that conforms to the XML syntax rules, like:
Even if documents are well-formed they can still contain errors, and those errors can have serious consequences.
Think of the following situation: you order 5 gross of laser printers, instead of 5 laser printers. With XML Schemas, most of these errors can be caught by your validating software.