Population Change
Population change refers to fluctuations in the number of individuals within a given area over time. Historically, the world population experienced slow and steady growth until the 1800s, primarily due to high birth rates coupled with high mortality rates attributed to inadequate healthcare and food scarcity. This resulted in minimal population growth.
However, the situation changed drastically with advancements in medicine and agriculture, leading to a significant increase in population known as the population explosion. In 1804, the global population reached 1 billion, which doubled to 3 billion by 1959. Just 40 years later, in 1999, the population doubled again, reaching 6 billion. This rapid growth can be attributed to improved food supplies and medical advancements, which reduced mortality rates while birth rates remained relatively high.
Births and deaths are key components of population dynamics, typically measured by birth and death rates— the number of live births and deaths per 1,000 individuals, respectively.
Migration, the movement of people between areas, also influences population change. Emigrants leave a country, while immigrants arrive in another. Countries like the United States and Australia have experienced population gains through immigration, while nations like Sudan have seen population declines due to emigration.
International migration trends often involve movement from less developed to more developed countries in search of better economic prospects.
Additionally, within countries, rural-to-urban migration is common as individuals seek better employment opportunities, education, and healthcare in urban areas.
Chapter 6: Human Resources| CBSE Notes Class 8 Geography Notes
The Ministry of Human Resource Development was established by the Government of India in 1985 to enhance the skills of the population. This underscores the significance of people as a valuable asset for the country. Similar to other resources, human resources exhibit disparities in distribution worldwide, varying across factors such as education levels, age, and gender.
Moreover, their numbers and characteristics are subject to constant change. For further insights into Human Resources, students can refer to Chapter 6 of CBSE Class 8 Geography. Additionally, CBSE Notes Class 8 Geography Chapter 6-Human Resources serves as an excellent resource for comprehensive understanding and effective exam preparation.
Chapter 6: Human Resources| CBSE Notes Class 8 Geography Notes