The Policy of Non-Alignment
The Indian national movement was part of a global struggle against colonialism and imperialism, influencing the liberation movements of Asian and African countries. India’s independence coincided with the Cold War era, marked by political, economic, and military confrontations between the US and USSR, the establishment of the UN, nuclear weapons, the emergence of Communist China, and decolonization. India’s foreign policy reflected the noble ideals that inspired its struggle for freedom.
Nehru’s Role
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, played a significant role in shaping the nation’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1964. His objectives were to preserve sovereignty, protect territorial integrity, and promote economic development. He aimed for nonalignment, despite opposition from pro-democracy parties like Dr. Ambedkar and opposition from political parties like Bharatiya Jan Sangh and Swatantra Party.
Distance From Two Camps
India’s foreign policy aimed for a peaceful world by advocating non-alignment, reducing Cold War tensions, and contributing human resources to UN peacekeeping operations. Despite not joining NATO or the Warsaw Pact, India maintained independence on international issues and received aid from both blocs. Pakistan joined US-led military alliances, leading to unease in Indo-US relations during the 1950s. India’s planned economic development strategy, emphasizing import-substitution and developing a resource base, limited export-oriented growth and limited India’s economic interaction with the outside world.
Afro-Asian Unity
Nehru envisioned India’s significant role in world affairs, particularly in Asian affairs. He established contacts with other Asian and African states, advocating for Asian unity and decolonization. India supported Indonesia’s freedom struggle and opposed racism, particularly apartheid in South Africa. The Bandung Conference in 1955 marked India’s engagement with Asian and African nations, leading to the establishment of the National Assembly (NAM) in 1961. Nehru co-founded the NAM.
India’s External Relations| Class 12 Political Science
Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 4 India’s External Relations: India’s external relations are a complex and ever-evolving topic. In this chapter, we will explore the history, principles, and challenges of India’s foreign policy. We will also examine India’s relationship with its key partners, including the United States, China, and Russia. India’s foreign policy is guided by the principles of non-alignment, peaceful coexistence, and respect for international law. These principles were laid down by Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, and have remained the cornerstone of India’s foreign policy ever since.
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