Why do we Need a Parliament?
Legislatures serve as the heartbeat of democratic governance, encompassing a spectrum of activities beyond mere lawmaking. They are dynamic arenas where actions like walkouts, protests, demonstrations, and cooperation unfold, reflecting the essence of democratic political processes. A robust democracy hinges on the presence of a representative, efficient, and effective legislature that upholds accountability, forming the bedrock of representative democracy.
Challenges to Legislative Primacy
Despite their pivotal role, legislatures in many democracies are ceding ground to the executive. In India, for instance, the Cabinet drives policy formulation, setting the governance agenda. Critics lament this trend as a decline of parliamentary power. However, even in systems with formidable cabinets, maintaining legislative support remains paramount. A strong leader must face parliamentary scrutiny and provide satisfactory answers, underscoring the democratic essence of legislatures as open forums for debate.
The Significance of Two Houses
The Indian Parliament comprises two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). This bicameral structure enhances legislative deliberations and oversight. While States have the option of unicameral or bicameral legislatures, only a few opt for the latter.
Legislative Oversight: Case Studies
- Rollback of Fertilizer Price Hike (2002): Intense opposition pressure compelled the Finance Minister to retract fertilizer price increases, showcasing legislative influence.
- Opposition Walkouts Over Urea Price Hike (1998): Acrimonious scenes and opposition walkouts prompted the Finance Minister to reverse the proposed urea price hike, highlighting legislative scrutiny.
- Unanimous Suspension of Official Business (1983): The Lok Sabha unanimously prioritized debate on the Assam issue, signaling legislative unity and focus on resolving regional tensions.
- Congress Protest Against Harijan Atrocities (1985): Congress members protested atrocities against Harijans in Andhra Pradesh, underscoring the legislature’s role in raising awareness and advocating for marginalized communities.
Class 11 Polity Notes Chapter 5: Why do we Need a Parliament?
In the tapestry of democratic governance, the Parliament emerges as a vital thread, weaving together the aspirations, concerns, and actions of the citizenry. Let’s explore why the institution of Parliament is indispensable for the functioning of a robust democracy.